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Performance Tuning in Clouds: A Multidimensional ApproachSpeaker: Prof. Chita R. Das | Cloud computing is an demerging paradigm that has the potential to transform the future computing landscape for many application omains. With cloud computing, both hardware and software resources can be leased from cloud providers, thereby avoiding the capital investment on procuring and maintaining such infrastructures. Therefore, various pay-as-you-go models like SaaS, PaaS, and IaaS are becoming attractive options to achieve better economy of scale, elasticity and availability. However, a major roadblock for the wide-scale adoption of clouds is the performance unpredictability of applications due to factors such as system scale, workload dynamism, virtualization overheads, and resource sharing and contention. In this talk, I will discuss several issues that are critical for performance enhancement in clouds and summarize some of our current efforts for alleviating the performance problem. In this context, two complementary scheduling techniques for enhancing cloud performance will be discussed. The first technique will highlight the importance of an important cloud workload property, called task placement constraints, and the second technique will summarize the impact of a fine-grained resource scheduling mechanism for data analytic systems like MapReduce. The talk will conclude with a simple performance model, called D-factor, for estimating application performance. |
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Security for Cyber Physical Systems : Speaker: Prof. Yongdae Kim | More and more researchers have been jumping into the security issues of cyber physical systems, recently. In this talk, I will introduce how one can define security research in a broad term and give some of the examples of security research on cyber physical systems ranging from implantable medical device to automotive systems. In the second part of the talk, I will introduce two on-going research from University of Minnesota: 1) location privacy leak in cellular networks, which tries to answer if unprivileged (i.e. neither government officials nor cellular providers) can determine a victim is in a cell or not and 2) security of medical device cyber physical system, a joint work with UPenn to guarantee security and safety of medical devices and systems built with them. |
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Network Coding in Ad hoc networks | Network coding that consists in encoding packets in routers before forwarding them was introduced in 2000. This technique is very useful in cases where the information could meet together such as multicast traffic, shard radio interfaces, etc. In those cases, network coding outperforms the regular store and forward. Our work consists in proposing network coding based new algorithms for ad hoc networks. Two different schemes will be explained: one simple and opportunistic and another based on fountain codes. The idea is to combine the OLSR-MPR (dominating set) and network coding to increase the network capacity. | |
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Network Coding in Ad hoc networks (강의자료) |  |
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NFC Technologies for the Internet Of Things Speaker: Prof. Pascal Urien | This talk is about the NFC (Near Field Communication) technology and emerging applications. The NFC ecosystem comes from the smartcard world, born in 1980 with the B0’ bank card, and contactless interfaces (working at 13,56Mhz) initially designed by NXP for Mifare chips, and thereafter normalized by the ISO1443 or NFCIP1 standards. NFC interfaces are frequently associated/managed to/by Secure Elements, which are tamper resistant microcontrollers with modest computing resources and memory sizes, compatible with ISO7816 standards and usually running a Java Virtual machine. Some phones are already supporting some or all NFC modes (reader, car, Peer to Peer), and because it is expected that most of smartphones in a near future will support it, new NFC applications are a very attractive and promising topic. We work since many years on the design of tiny TLS/SSL stack, written in javacard or C#, with a very small memory footprint (less than 20KB), and compatible with most of the market Secure Elements. | |
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Nuclear waste vitrification:a collection of challenging problems | Glassmaking is a mature technology that has been developed over thousands of years. Yet making glass from nuclear waste presents numerous new challenges. While glassmakers carefully their raw materials, nuclear waste must be vitrified as provided. Designing optimized glass then becomes a major challenge. The response of the mixture of nuclear waste and the glass-forming additives to heating and the conditions of remotely-controlled melting present a great challenge to our understanding and our skill in handling very complex self-regulating processes. The final challenge is imposed by the time itself—the waste glass will remain radioactive for million years; during that time, the radionuclides must be prevented from spreading into the environment. | |
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From Biosensors to Lab-on-Chip - Developing chip-based biosensor for environmental and clinical applications | Speaker: Prof. Martin Mkandawire The current advancement in electronic technology and the emerging of nanotechnology is revolutionalising the development and use of biosensors. A biosensor is an analytical device for the detection of an analyte that combines a biological component with a physicochemical detector component. A common example of a commercial biosensor is the blood glucose biosensor, which uses the enzyme glucose oxidase to break blood glucose down, thereby the electrons released are measured as current and translated into blood glucose concentration. One of the new developments in the field of biosensors is the coupling of the biosensor process with electronic chips to produce as lab-on-chip platform of environmental as well as clinical application. A lab-on-chip platform is a device that integrates laboratory functions on a single chip of only millimetres to a few square centimetres in size. It deal with the handling of extremely small fluid volumes down to less than picolitres and has an advantage of providing rapid analytics, easiness and cost effective to operate. In this talk, I will discuss techniques and challenges in development of the lab-on-chip based for pollution detection and wound healing based on own research experience. Specifically, I will discuss the challenge of coupling a leaving cell biosensor with an electronic chip in fluorescence-based biosensor, and give some examples of wound healing technology using impedance-based biosensor |
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Virtual Network Urbanization : Speaker: Dr. Othmen Braham | Adapting virtualization concepts to satisfy many of todays network telecommunication challenges receives more and more attention. This work proposes an alternative to the physical network infrastructure. We have developed a management tools to control a virtual network environment. The addressed problem is how to urbanize a virtual network environment. The objective is to meet the expectations of operators for providing networks services with flexibility, scalability and reduced cost. This work consists on providing a design for a virtual network environment to coexist virtual networks and their respective operators. In this presentation, we describe how we focus our work on virtual network environment architecture to properly identify its advantages and disadvantages. We explain some proposed organization strategies to improve virtual network urbanization. To extend the virtual network environment with new virtualized equipment, we expose a second contribution concerning a WiFi access point virtualization. We describe how we have improved virtual network urbanization by including virtualized access point equipment. We have developed this approach for supporting wireless network advantages such as mobility, coverage areas, installation speed and simplicity. We also present new strategies to improve the urbanization of virtual networks. Indeed, it stills hard to manage the huge amount of virtual element and to surround all the functionality offered through management tools. We describe how we have improved virtual network urbanization by including autonomic concepts. This approach helps the manager to perform his tasks and it has a distributed behavior which is more convenient for virtual environment management. We present the VirtuOR Control Center (VCC). This tool offers a range of features for administrators at each virtualization level. The relevant results of an experimental deployment are exposed | |
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Dynamic Software Adaptation Patterns for Service-Oriented Architectures | Dynamic software adaptation addresses software systems that need to change their behavior during execution. To address reuse in dynamic software adaptation, software adaptation patterns, also referred to as software reconfiguration patterns, have been developed. A software adaptation pattern defines how a set of components that make up an architecture or design pattern dynamically cooperate to change the software configuration to a new configuration given a set of adaptation commands. Adaptation connectors encapsulate adaptation state machine models so that the adaptation patterns can be more reusable. This seminar describes software adaptation patterns for service-oriented applications including patterns for service coordination and distributed transaction management. | |
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Sensors based on silicon nanowires Schottky barrier FETs | "Here we present and fully characterize the sensor platform based on silicon nanowires Schottky barrier field effect transistor (SB FET). This platform consists of parallel arrays of bottom-up grown silicon nanowires, able to deliver macroscopic current output while preserving the positive nanoscopic attributes of the SB FET systems. We focus on the following aspects of the sensor functioning and characterization: (i) fabrication and characterization of the SB-FET nanodevices; (ii) biochemical functionalization of the silicon nanowire. As a first application we demonstrate a SB FET pH sensor and photosensitive hybrid device, based on silicon nanowires. " |
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Engineering sp2 carbon nanostructures with electrons | "The Molecular Nanostructures group at the IFW conducts research on the synthesis of sp2 carbon nanostructures and other materials (e.g. Si, B, SiC, FexOy, Fe etc). Particular focus is placed on understanding the growth and functionalization mechanisms of these nanostructures. In addition, their potential for biomedical exploitation is investigated. We are also developing the use of electrons to structure, modify and grow nanostructures. The field can be classified into two primary categories, namely, current induced engineering and electron beam induced engineering. Both routes are highly versatile and afford the opportunity to cut/erode sp2 carbon, heal defects, and for catalyst-free fabrication of graphene from amorphous carbon. In this presentation in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies exploring both current induced and electron beam engineering are presented. For the current induced studies graphene flakes suspended across electrodes are investigated at high bias. The studies provide a rich variety of phenomena that provide important insights into how one can shape or modify graphene by Joule heating. Examples include the peeling off of multilayered suspended graphene sheets layer by layer, the controlled cracking of graphene to nanoribbons as narrow as 1 nm which sustain currents as high as 6 x 109 A cm-2 and the merging of overlapping pieces of graphene. In addition, deposited amorphous carbon on suspended graphene at high bias is shown to graphitize. The use of an electron beam (from the TEM itself) is also shown to offer a plethora of engineering possibilities including, nano-chemistry inside single walled carbon nanotubes, catalyst free graphene fabrication, and sp2 carbon nanostructuring. The experimental work is supported by image simulation data and molecular dynamics simulations." |
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Structural Health Monitoring – A Means for Implementing Non-Destructive Testing into Future Materials and Structures | Structural health monitoring (SHM) is a holistic approach which integrates sensing and possibly even actuation known from non-destructive testing into materials and structures, and even incorporates the wide field of diagnostics and prognostics. The presentation will briefly introduce state-of-the-art in non-destructive testing including a variety of data processing issues before elaborating on the various options SHM can have with regard to life cycle management and damage tolerance as well as total quality assurance. Examples to be addressed will be various including steel manufacturing and processing, wind energy power plants, aircraft and possibly others | |
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New fields for old diseases with unpredicted pathogenesis : Challenges and Opportunities | Diabetes develops due to defective insulin secretion. Common forms of diabetes are either due to the definitive loss of insulin secreting cells, i.e. type 1 diabetes, or a deficient response of insulin secreting cells to increased insulin needs, i.e. type 2 diabetes. Both diseases are likely the consequences of altered interactions of multiple environmental factors that have changed at an incredibly rapid speed over the last 20 to 50 years and a susceptibility genetic background that has been characterized by the unexpectedly high number of gene variants involved. A coming challenge is in the modelling of these complex interactions. As present treatments remain palliative, often based on insulin replacement therapy that faces highly variable insulin needs in normal life conditions, a further challenge is to design insulin delivery procedures to ensure normoglycemia in treated patients. Recent advances in automated continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-assisted insulin delivery are aiming at this goal. Genetics and Therapeutics are good examples for the need to develop methods integrating biological and clinical data to assist clinical decision making |
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