1. |
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Radiation sources |
general information about ionizing radiation sources, radiation origin. Radiation types. Radioactive decay law. |
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2. |
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Heavy charged particles interaction with matter |
Main features of heavy charged particles (proton, alpha…) interaction with detector media. Derivation of the Bete-Bloch equation. SRIM software to calculate heavy charged particles ranges. |
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3. |
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Interaction of fast electrons and gamma-quanta with matter |
Main features of fast electrons and gamma-quanta interaction with detector media. Ionization and radiation losses for electrons. Main processes of gamma-quanta interaction: photoelectric effect, Compton scattering and pair production. |
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4. |
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Neutrons interaction with matter. Dosimetry. |
Main features of the neutrons interaction with detector media. Different types of neutron induced reactions. Biological effect of the ionizing radiation. General principles of radiation protection. Radiation units. |
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5. |
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General principles of radiation detection |
General principles of radiation detection. Effects of ionizing radiation used in detectors. Basic requirements for the radiation detectors. Radiation detector modes of operation. |
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6. |
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Processes in gaseous detectors |
General principles of operation of the gaseous detectors. Primary and total ionization. Charge collection. Diffusion, recombination and gas multiplication. |
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7. |
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Gaseous detectors: ionization chambers, proportional counters |
Two basic types of the gaseous detectors: ionization chambers and proportional counters. Pulse shape. Energy resolution. Neutron proportional counters. |
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8. |
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Gaseous detectors: modern gaseous detectors |
Review of the variety of modern gaseous detectors. |
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9. |
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Counting statistics, data treatment and analysis |
Principles of statistical analysis of the experimental measurements. Binomial, Poisson and normal distributions. Systematical and statistical errors. |
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10. |
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Counting statistics, errors propagation |
Principles of the errors propagation. Optimization of the counting experiment. |
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11. |
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Scintillation detectors: principles of operation |
General principles of operation of the scintillation detectors. Mechanisms of light production. Scintillators classification. |
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12. |
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Photo sensors |
Photo sensors used with scintillation detectors. Principles of operation, basic characteristics, examples of application. |
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13. |
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Gamma spectroscopy |
Gamma spectroscopy with scintillation and semiconductor detectors. Peak shape dependents on detector size and shielding. |
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14. |
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General principles of the semiconductor detectors |
Principles of operation of the semiconductor detectors. Migration of the charge carriers. Donor and acceptor impurities. Depleted region formation. |
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15. |
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High resolution semiconductor detectors for gamma spectroscopy |
High purity Germanium (HpGe) semiconductor detectors: fabrication, types, pulse formation. Experiment on background activity measurements with HpGe detector. |
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16. |
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Application of the high resolution gamma-spectroscopy |
Application of the high resolution gamma-spectroscopy. Neutron activation analysis. Air pollutions biomonitoring. |
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17. |
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Pulse processing |
Pulse processing in pulse mode of the detector operation. Linear (analogue) and logic pulse. Pulse processing units. |
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18. |
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Pulse shaping, counting and timing |
Principles of pulse shaping. CR and RC filters. Digital pulse processing. |
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19. |
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Pulse height analysis |
Principles and methods of pulse height analysis. |
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20. |
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Natural radioactivity |
Natural radioactivity. Sources and effects of the natural ionizing radiation. |
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21. |
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Fast neutrons detectors principles of operation |
Principles of operation of neutron detectors. Fast neutrons detectors. Neutron spectra unfolding. Pulse shape discrimination. |
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22. |
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Low energy neutrons detectors |
Principles of operation of slow neutrons detectors. Neutron convertors and reactions used for neutron detection. |
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23. |
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Neutron and gamma detectors at Space #1 |
Mars Odyssey 2001 Mars orbiter NASA mission. High energy neutron detector (HEND). Seeking for water from the Martian orbit. |
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24. |
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Neutron and gamma detectors at Space #2 |
Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) NASA missions. Neutron and gamma detectors onboard of the LRO and M니 |
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25. |
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Neutron time of flight (TOF) spectroscopy at electron accelerator |
Principles of the neutron time of flight (TOF) spectroscopy. TOF spectroscopy at electron accelerator. |
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26. |
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Measurements of the high neutron flux densities at the pulsed reactor |
Measurements of the high neutron flux densities at the pulsed reactor. Problems and solutions aroused from the extremely high pulsed neutron flux density. |
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27. |
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Low background gamma spectroscopy |
Low background gamma spectroscopy with HpGe detector. Methods of background suppression. |
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28. |
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Course summary |
Course summary |
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